Roth IRA withdrawal rules

Open a Roth IRA and take advantage of after-tax benefits as you save for retirement.

With a Roth IRA, contributions are not tax-deductible, but earnings can grow tax-free, and qualified withdrawals are tax- and penalty-free. Roth IRA withdrawal and penalty rules vary depending on your age, how long you've had the account, and other factors.

Learn more about Roth IRAs

Roth IRA withdrawal guidelines

Before making a Roth IRA withdrawal, keep in mind the following rules to avoid a potential 10% early withdrawal penalty:

  • Withdrawals must be taken after age 59½.
  • Withdrawals must be taken after a five-year holding period.
  • If you transfer your Traditional or Roth IRA at any age and request that the check be made payable to you, you have up to 60 days to deposit that check into another IRA without taxes or penalties. This is known as a "nontaxable rollover," and you can do this once within a 12-month period.

Repayment of certain distributions

You may be able to pay all or a portion of certain distributions. Please consult with your tax advisor and learn more at IRS Publication 590-B.

Age 59 ½ and under

You can withdraw contributions you made to your Roth IRA anytime, tax- and penalty-free. However, you may have to pay taxes and penalties on earnings in your Roth IRA.

Withdrawals from a Roth IRA you've had less than five years.

If you take a distribution of Roth IRA earnings before you reach age 59½ and before the account is five years old, the earnings may be subject to taxes and penalties. You may be able to avoid penalties (but not taxes) in the following situations:

  • You use the withdrawal (up to a $10,000 lifetime maximum) to pay for a first-time home purchase.
  • You use the withdrawal to pay for qualified education expenses.
  • You use the withdrawal for certain emergency expenses.
  • You use the withdrawal for qualified expenses related to a birth or adoption.
  • You use the withdrawal to pay for unreimbursed medical expenses or health insurance if you're unemployed.
  • You become disabled or pass away.
  • You are a survivor of domestic abuse.
  • The distribution is made in connection with a federally qualified disaster.
  • The distribution is made due to an IRS levy.
  • The distribution is made in substantially equal periodic payments.1

Withdrawals from a Roth IRA you've had more than five years.

If you're under age 59½ and your Roth IRA has been open five years or more, your earnings will not be subject to taxes if you meet one of the following conditions:

  • You use the withdrawal (up to a $10,000 lifetime maximum) to pay for a first-time home purchase.
  • You become disabled or pass away.

Age 59 ½ and over

Withdrawals from a Roth IRA you've had less than five years.

If you haven't met the five-year holding requirement, your earnings will be subject to taxes but not penalties.

Withdrawals from a Roth IRA you've had more than five years.

If you've met the five-year holding requirement, you can withdraw money from a Roth IRA with no taxes or penalties.

Remember that unlike a Traditional IRA, with a Roth IRA there are no required minimum distributions.

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